and nobody was able to help.
I doubt that, but there is also that thing that "it takes two to tango". And, Microsoft shouldn't have made a mess of the SMB upgrade process with varying/changing parameters.
SMBv2+ has network browsing disabled. Meaning, you will have to enter connection details manually in Kodi's source options. Officially the Windows user doing the sharing also requires a password on its account, however various alternative solutions are floating around as well.
In the Kodi services there are minimum and maximum SMB versions you can set. There is also the difference in setting up SMB sources. You can either use Kodi's internal SMB client service, or create your own external SMB connections.
For the record, I'm not using Windows or SMB connections myself. It's also not impossible that some settings on your Windows machine have changed during its updates. Here I have the same Linux file server doing an NFS connection with XBMC/Kodi for some 10-11 years now. The RPi4 is not the problem here (you can always use it for other computer solutions), other devices running Kodi 19 will likely show the same symptoms in your network.