Let's go back and answer the actual problem:
a) If you're mounting from systemd the Kodi SMB client settings are completely irrelevant because you're not using the Kodi SMB client. Similarly the the LE settings addon SMB config (for the onboard SMB server) is irrelevant because that also has nothing to do with SMB client configuration.
b) When you access the router share from your PC "with no password" the router is still asking for a username/password and your computer is still providing your logon username/password. You don't see a prompt because the router will accept any username/password. That doesn't mean you cannot provide one. If you don't, you're not authenticated, and you won't see share content.
So either configure the systemd mount file options to include a/any username/password, or connect the USB drive directly to the HTPC.