The major software-stack difference is that Armbian runs Kodi through a Window manager (Desktop Environment) while LE (10/11/12) runs Kodi direct on hardware (no Window manager, no Desktop). The distros are probably running different kernels too; which may be a factor in things. I'm not really sure what the issue is, but I'd make a semi-educated guess it's something to do with the underlying Linux DRM layer than handles rendering/output to HDMI more than an actual Kodi problem.
Thread moved as it appears you're using an Allwinner board.