The kernel in the Ubuntu 22.04 VMs that I have running is Linux 5.15.x and although I haven't checked, I would expect the distro to package the Realtek vendor drivers. We avoid those because they are a pain in the arse to maintain over time; they break with every major kernel bump (something we do more often than most distros) and need constant patching. Ubuntu has more people contributing to their sources and puts up with crap like that.
The kernel in LE master (nightlies) is currently Linux 6.0.x which has a staging (testing/development) driver for that NIC, but the module is not enabled in our kernel defconfig so the driver will not be built and thus the card should not work in our nightlies.
See: https://github.com/LibreELEC/Libr…ch64.conf#L4917
The kernel version and defconfig used in balbes150 images is unknown to me and these days I have no idea where Oleg publishes sources to check. It's possible his images have the module enabled and it's possible the staging-quality driver doesn't work (or work great). It's possible he has added the out-of-tree vendor driver 
If you're confident with Debian etc. perhaps self-build your own LE master nightly image with the staging driver enabled. It might then be missing firwmware, but dmesg will reveal which file you need to pick from the upstream linux-firmware repo to test/prove it. That file might be the same filename as older vendor firmware, but there's probably alignment between driver and specific firmware versions.
The single log that you shared only shows a booting kernel where a driver loads without errors - it's not hinting there's a problem.
NB: Please keep the convo in this thread instead of scatter posting over several.