Mmmm. Any directory I create under .cache/connman gets deleted as soon as connman starts.
When I run iwd in debug mode, I see that when I try to connect to an PSK wifi, iwd reacts as soon as connman gets the connect command. But with the 8021x wifi, iwd just tells 'network_connect()', but does noting (without my config in /var/lib/iwd). With my config file in /var/lib/iwd, I get a connection as soon as I tell connman to connect.
Somehow the interaction between connman and iwd doesn't work correctly for 8021x networks.
I'have solved this for now that I use autostart.sh in /storage/.config to copy my correct <ssid>.8021x to /var/lib/iwd, and my wifi connection survives a reboot.