- in other words: can I decide from two given hashes which is the elder and which the newer one ?
Based solely on hashes, no. You would need to check git repo which is newer. Hash is just some hex number, calculated from data. In fact, from security perspective, you should not be able to infer any useful information from hashes alone.
EDIT: To be clear, hashes are taken from git commits, we don't have any control over them.