I had similar problems a while back and switched from NTFS to ExFAT (Ext4 is not an option for me). I'll probably be shot for suggesting this but I believe that LE isn't properly flushing the disk buffers even when shut down correctly, or mishandling data transfer via SAMBA. In my case the connected disk is a powered 6TB Seagate that ran brilliantly on the RPi3.
The RPi4 has a 3A PSU (bought with the pi from thehihut) and the Seagate also has a 3A PSU
On one occasion, after I had copied files to the HDD (formatted to NTFS) I left the RPi4 running overnight came in the next day and it was still running, shut it down properly and when I went to start it up again I had disk corruption.
Switching to ExFAT stopped that particular problem but I can't use it now because the ExFAT deiver isn't reporting the time in the same way as Windows which rather messes with my backup system.