The serial UART handling on the Pi 3B and 3B+ (and Zero W) changed compared to previous models to allow for the internal Bluetooth.
If the OP has previously enabled it on a Pi2 or lower then there is a change.
I have found this pi 3 - How do I make serial work on the Raspberry Pi3 , Pi3B+, PiZeroW - Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange :
QuoteDisplay MoreThe BCM2837 on the Raspberry Pi3 , Pi3B+, PiZeroW has 2 UARTs (as did its predecessors), however to support the Bluetooth functionality the fully featured PL011 UART was moved from the header pins to the Bluetooth chip and the mini UART made available on header pins 8 & 10.
This has a number of consequences for users of the serial interface.
The
/dev/ttyAMA0previously used to access the UART now connects to Bluetooth.The miniUART is now available on
/dev/ttyS0.In the latest operating system software there is a
/dev/serial0which selects the appropriate device so you can replace/dev/ttyAMA0with/dev/serial0and use the same software on the Pi3 and earlier models.For some bizarre reason the default for Pi3 using the latest 4.4.9 kernel is to DISABLE UART. To enable it you need to change
enable_uart=1in/boot/config.txt. (This also fixes thecore_freqso this is no longer necessary.)