If the OS is running but no graphics (and thus no Kodi) I'll make an educated guess the problem is mesa related. See if reverting to the mesa version used with the last known working images restores things? If yes, you can manually bisect between known-good and known-bad mesa versions to find when the breaking version change occurs; then you can look at mesa changelogs/commits to see what commits might be involved.
NB: I'm guessing mesa because the panfrost kernel driver has received little real-world change over time since it was added, but on the userspace side mesa has a high rate of change and mesa automated testing will be done against Bifrost hardware, and perhaps the second generation Midgard T860 used in some Chromebook devices; not the first generation Midgard T628 used with XU4 which has an inconvenient amount of silicon "errata" that often require complex or fugly workarounds.