I can see PCI and ACPI warnings/errors in the system log and an iwlwifi 'microcode' (firmware) error/dump, and then GPU segfault messages once Xorg starts. As the nvidia drivers have faulted there is probably no DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) connector and GPU device visible to the kernel so the kmsprint command in the pastecrash script fails and you see the 'no modesetting' error.
I associate ACPI warnings and unexplainable things like firmware errors with power issues, so I'm wondering if the PSU is able to sustain the current draw needed in early boot and the spikes seen when the WiFi card and GPU are brought online. The GPU model suggests this is 10-15 years old hardware, so age could be a factor.