The only major technical difference in wifi connections between LE12 images and LE11 and earlier is the change from wpa_supplicant to iwd. The change has generated a few minor issues but those are largely resolved, and importantly, none have been related to speed of network association. If you wanted to self-build an image with wpa_supplicant to see if that's the problem difference, this is not that hard (a one-line change in distro build options).
NB: I would expect LE12 to boot slower than LE10 as image sizes have increased and load times got slower with time. I wouldn't expect it to be an overly significant difference though; from my own experience with other RPi boards (albeit much faster ones).
There is an obvious long delay as the network comes up, but that's expected given what you've reported. I don't see anything wrong in the log though. You can run systemd-analyse blame but it'll probably look like https://paste.libreelec.tv/decent-ray.log and again, there's nothing unexpected with network start being one of the longest/slowest elements in boot.
For kicks you can disable BT in config.txt by adding dtoverlay=disable-bt and perhaps unplug the USB Gigabit Ethernet adapter that's connected. That's shaving CPU cycles from boot but unlikely to have any major influence.