Can you check if the USB firmware is up-to-date (in Settings->LibreELEC->Updates)? If it's not please update it.
dmesg shows that the USB controller can't set up the required parameters for your USB device, kodi then falls back to the default (HDMI) audio device
pr 21 22:28:37.569965 LibreELEC kernel: usb 1-1.2: Not enough bandwidth for new device state.
Apr 21 22:28:37.570686 LibreELEC kernel: usb 1-1.2: Not enough bandwidth for altsetting 2
Apr 21 22:28:37.571228 LibreELEC kernel: usb 1-1.2: 3:2: usb_set_interface failed (-28)
I've found a couple of similar reports on the RPi forum (most of them with multiple USB audio cards though), eg Not enough bandwidth for new device state. - Raspberry Pi Forums so that could still be a compatibility issue with the RPi4's USB controller and that specific USB audio device.
If updating the USB firmware doesn't help it's best if you test with Raspberry Pi OS (ex Raspbian) and if that fails too open a thread on the raspberrypi forum where the RPi USB dev(s) will hopefully pick it up.
so long,
Hias