Thanks for the log!
LE 9.2 dmesg shows the same USB bandwidth issue as LE 10, the reason you get sound on LE 9.2 is that kodi falls back from the SPDIF to the Analog USB device (LE 10 fell back to HDMI).
It's very puzzling why this would only fail on LE but not on RPiOS. I checked our kernel configs and couldn't spot any difference in the relevant USB/audio parts... I also did a quick test with my PCM2704 USB audio card (which supports 48kHz on Analog and 32-48kHz on SPDIF) and 44.1kHz via SPDIF worked just fine on LE 10.
Can you post the output of "lsmod" on LE, and also dmesg and lsmod output on RPiOS?
so long,
Hias