To show the currently installed bootloader version / config:
rpi-eeprom-update
vcgencmd bootloader_version
vcgencmd bootloader_config
Make sure you have the HDD adapter powered properly (external power is best, although for SSD HDD it should not be necessary but depends on HDD model).
BTW. em28xx is NOT the HDD adapter, this is your DVB-C/T USB stick (which may be also a bit power hungry)
Regarding to newer kernel, you may try the latest test LE 9.80 Nightly build from today which already has 5.10.1 kernel version ( LibreELEC-RPi4.arm-9.80-nightly-20201219-c7aa22f.tar )
The firmware version check / update can be easily done from Kodi - Settings - Libreelec - Updates - Firmware Updates
An alternative upgrade to the latest USB firmware:
cd /tmp
wget -c https://github.com/raspberrypi/rpi-eeprom/raw/master/firmware-2711/latest/vl805-000138c0.bin
rpi-eeprom-update -u /tmp/vl805-000138c0.bin
reboot
#
An alternative upgrade to the latest (stable) bootloader:
cd /tmp
wget -O pieeprom.bin -c https://github.com/raspberrypi/rpi-eeprom/raw/master/firmware-2711/latest/pieeprom-2024-05-17.bin
rpi-eeprom-config pieeprom.bin > bootconfDefault.txt
# default config
cat bootconfDefault.txt
vcgencmd bootloader_config > bootconf.txt
# current config
cat bootconf.txt
rpi-eeprom-config /tmp/pieeprom.bin --config /tmp/bootconf.txt --out /tmp/pieeprom
rpi-eeprom-update -d -f /tmp/pieeprom
reboot
#
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Edit (2022-08-05) - bootloader link updated to current stable version
Edit (2024-06-06) - USB firmware and bootloader links updated to latest available versions
- added -u parameter to USB firmware update command which is now necessary